Are you ready to explore the world without breaking the bank? 2025 is shaping up to be an exciting year for travelers on a budget. According to recent reports, some unexpected places are becoming increasingly affordable.
The Algarve in Portugal tops the list as the most affordable destination, with a daily average budget of about $76.06. Cape Town, South Africa, and Tokyo, Japan, follow closely, offering a mix of culture, scenery, and adventure at a lower cost.
Discover the world’s hidden gems without overspending. Our guide will walk you through seven surprisingly affordable destinations, helping you plan your next adventure with confidence.
Why Budget Travel Matters in 2025
Budget travel in 2025 is not just about saving money; it’s about experiencing the world in a meaningful way. As travelers become more conscious of their spending, they’re seeking out destinations that offer a rich cultural experience without the hefty price tag.
According to recent trends, natural phenomena like the northern lights and bioluminescent shores are driving the wish lists of travelers in 2025. Nostalgia is also influencing tourism as vacationers seek old-school destinations and attractions.
Economic Factors Affecting Travel Costs
Economic factors play a significant role in shaping travel costs. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates, inflation, and geopolitical events can all impact the affordability of travel. In 2025, travelers need to be aware of these factors to make informed decisions about their travel plans.
| Economic Factor | Impact on Travel Costs |
|---|---|
| Currency Exchange Rates | A favorable exchange rate can make a destination more affordable. |
| Inflation | Rising inflation can increase travel costs, making budget travel more challenging. |
| Geopolitical Events | Events like political instability can affect travel costs by altering transportation prices. |
The Rise of Value-Conscious Tourism
The rise of value-conscious tourism is a significant trend in 2025. Travelers are prioritizing meaningful experiences over luxury accommodations or status destinations. This shift is driven by a desire to truly experience the culture and places they visit, rather than just collecting luxury experiences.
Social media has also transformed the way people approach budget travel, with more travelers sharing tips, hacks, and lesser-known affordable destinations. As a result, travelers are spending more time in fewer places to maximize their experience while minimizing costs.
How We Selected These Budget Travel Destinations 2025
Our selection process for the most affordable travel destinations in 2025 involved a comprehensive analysis of various cost factors and traveler experiences. To provide you with the best value for your money, we considered multiple aspects that contribute to the overall affordability of a destination.
Our Methodology
The UK’s Post Office Holiday Money Report served as a valuable resource in our analysis, comparing currency strength and the cost of eight tourist essentials across 47 popular travel destinations. This data helped us understand the relative affordability of different places.
We didn’t just focus on the lowest absolute prices; instead, we evaluated the full spectrum of travel costs, including accommodations, food, transportation, and activities. This holistic approach allowed us to determine the overall affordability of each destination.
Key factors in our evaluation included:
- The cost of essential tourist items and services
- Currency exchange rates and their impact on travel costs
- Seasonality and how it affects pricing and crowds
- The balance between costs and the quality of experiences offered
What Makes a Destination “Affordable”
Affordability isn’t just about having the lowest prices; it’s about the value for money that a destination offers. We considered how far your travel budget can stretch in different places and country.
For instance, some traditionally expensive destinations like Tokyo have become surprisingly affordable due to currency fluctuations and economic conditions. On the other hand, some places that were once considered budget-friendly may have become more expensive due to changes in local economies or tourism demand.
| Destination | Currency Strength | Cost of Essentials | Overall Affordability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tokyo, Japan | Favorable | Moderate | High |
| Algarve, Portugal | Strong | Low | Very High |
| Cape Town, South Africa | Weak | Low | High |
By considering these factors and analyzing the data, we were able to identify destinations that offer exceptional value for travelers in 2025. Whether you’re looking for cultural experiences, natural beauty, or unique attractions, our selection of budget travel destinations has something for everyone.
The Best Budget Travel Destinations 2025: Global Overview
As you plan your trip for 2025, understanding the global landscape of budget travel destinations can significantly enhance your travel experience. The world is full of hidden gems and affordable destinations that offer great value for your money.
When traveling to a new country, it’s essential to consider the local economy and how it affects travel costs. Some countries offer better value due to favorable currency exchange rates.
Currency Exchange Advantages
A favorable currency exchange rate can make a significant difference in your travel expenses. For instance, countries with a weaker currency against the US dollar can provide budget travelers with more purchasing power. This means that your money can go further in destinations where the local currency is not as strong.
Regional Price Differences
Regional price differences can also impact your travel budget. Within a region or even within a single country, prices can vary dramatically. For example, while big cities in Brazil can be expensive, the country still offers many affordable options for travelers who use public transportation or ride-hailing services like Uber.
| Region | Average Daily Cost | Best Value Destinations |
|---|---|---|
| Southeast Asia | $30-$50 | Thailand, Vietnam |
| Eastern Europe | $25-$40 | Poland, Hungary |
| South America | $35-$60 | Brazil, Peru |
Understanding these regional differences can help you plan your trip more effectively and make the most of your travel budget.
Algarve, Portugal: Europe’s Best Value Destination
Algarve, Portugal, is emerging as Europe’s best-kept secret for travelers seeking a mix of relaxation and adventure without breaking the bank. This southern Portuguese region is renowned for its beautiful beaches, pretty beachside towns, and world-class golf courses, making it an attractive destination for a wide range of travelers.
Why It’s Affordable Now
The Algarve region offers a compelling combination of quality and affordability, making it an ideal travel destination for those on a budget. Several factors contribute to its current affordability. Firstly, the region has seen a surge in the development of budget accommodation options, including guesthouses, pensões, and vacation rentals, which cater to a variety of budgets.
Additionally, staying in smaller towns like Olhão, Tavira, or Sagres can be more cost-effective than lodging in more touristy centers like Albufeira or Lagos. These lesser-known areas offer a more authentic experience and are often within easy reach of the region’s main attractions.
Must-See Attractions on a Budget
Algarve is not just about relaxation; it also offers a plethora of activities and attractions that won’t break the bank. Visitors can explore the historic sites, enjoy the natural beauty of the island of Culatra, or take advantage of the region’s renowned golf courses. Many of these attractions are affordable, with some offering free or discounted entry on certain days of the week or month.
For nature lovers, the Ria Formosa Natural Park is a must-visit, offering boat tours and hiking trails that showcase the region’s diverse wildlife and ecosystems. Cultural enthusiasts can enjoy the historic towns, with their picturesque streets, local markets, and traditional Portuguese cuisine.
Budget Accommodation Options
Finding affordable accommodation in Algarve is easier than ever, thanks to the wide range of options available. From budget-friendly guesthouses and hostels to reasonably priced apartments and vacation rentals, travelers can find a place to stay that suits their budget.
To get the best deals, consider traveling during the shoulder season (May-June or September-October), when prices drop significantly. Utilizing local accommodation booking sites and Facebook groups can also help you find resorts and rentals that aren’t listed on major international booking platforms.
Cape Town, South Africa: Adventure Without the Price Tag
Cape Town, South Africa, is emerging as a top destination for travelers seeking adventure without the hefty price tag. This vibrant city offers a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural experiences, and outdoor activities that cater to all kinds of travelers.
Current Exchange Rate Benefits
The current exchange rate makes Cape Town an even more attractive destination for international travelers, particularly those from the US. The favorable exchange rate means that your money can go further, allowing you to enjoy more activities and experiences without breaking the bank. Whether you’re exploring the stunning landscapes or indulging in local cuisine, the exchange rate benefits enhance your overall travel experience.
Affordable Activities and Experiences
Cape Town is a paradise for adventure seekers and culture enthusiasts alike. You can explore the iconic Table Mountain, visit the historic Robben Island, or enjoy the beautiful beaches along the Atlantic coast. The city also offers a range of affordable activities, including hiking, surfing, and wine tasting in the nearby vineyards. For a unique experience, take a cable car ride up Table Mountain or visit the vibrant markets and townships.
Budget-Friendly Food and Transportation
Discover Cape Town’s affordable food scene by visiting local markets like the V&A Food Market, where you can sample delicious Cape Malay cuisine and South African specialties. Neighborhoods like Observatory and Woodstock offer budget-friendly dining options with excellent meals at prices far below those in tourist areas. For transportation, use the efficient MyCiTi bus system, which connects major attractions at a fraction of the cost of taxis or tours. Additionally, ride-sharing services like Uber are available at prices significantly lower than in the US, making private transportation affordable. For self-catering travelers, supermarkets like Pick n Pay and Woolworths offer quality ingredients at attractive prices.
Tokyo, Japan: Surprisingly Affordable Asian Metropolis
You might be surprised to discover that Tokyo, Japan’s bustling capital, can be explored on a budget. With a little planning, you can enjoy all that Tokyo has to offer without breaking the bank.
How Tokyo Became Budget-Friendly
Tokyo’s transformation into a budget-friendly destination is largely due to favorable currency exchange rates and a growing number of affordable dining and entertainment options. The city’s food scene, in particular, offers a wide range of delicious and affordable food choices, from ramen shops to izakayas.
At the right time, visiting during the off-season or taking advantage of happy hour specials can make your trip even more affordable.
Navigating Tokyo on a Budget
Navigating Tokyo is relatively easy and affordable, thanks to its comprehensive public transportation system. Purchasing a Suica or Pasmo card is the most convenient way to get around the city. These prepaid cards can be used on subways, buses, and even some restaurants and shops.
Exploring Tokyo’s various districts, such as Shibuya and Shinjuku, can be done on foot or by using public transport, making it an affordable place to visit.
Affordable Dining and Entertainment Options
Tokyo is renowned for its vibrant dining scene, with numerous affordable restaurants and eateries. From yakitori joints to conveyor belt sushi, there’s something for every taste and budget. You can enjoy a satisfying meal at a local izakaya or try some street food at a festival or market.
For entertainment, Tokyo offers a variety of affordable options, including reasonably priced karaoke bars, arcade games, and robot shows in districts like Shinjuku and Shibuya.
Fairbanks, Alaska: Northern Lights on a Budget
Fairbanks, Alaska, is emerging as a budget-friendly destination for witnessing the spectacular Northern Lights. This charming town offers a unique blend of natural beauty and affordability, making it an attractive option for travelers.
Why Choose Fairbanks Over International Aurora Destinations
Fairbanks stands out as a premier destination for viewing the Northern Lights within the United States, eliminating the need for costly international travel. The University of Alaska Fairbanks provides aurora forecasts, helping you plan your viewing. With its prime location under the auroral oval, Fairbanks offers some of the best views of the Northern Lights.
The town’s history and culture add to its appeal, with attractions like the University of Alaska Museum of the North, which showcases Alaska Native art and artifacts.
Affordable Accommodation and Transportation
Finding budget-friendly accommodation in Fairbanks is easier than you think. Options range from cozy bed-and-breakfasts to budget hotels like Pike’s Waterfront Lodge, which also offers wake-up calls when the aurora is active. For transportation, consider renting a car or using shuttle services that cater to aurora tourists.
Free and Low-Cost Activities
Beyond aurora viewing, Fairbanks offers a variety of free and low-cost activities. Visit Pioneer Park, a 44-acre historical theme park featuring relocated historic buildings from Alaska’s gold rush era. You can also explore the Trans-Alaska Pipeline viewing station or enjoy dog mushing demonstrations.
For a unique experience, take a tour of downtown Fairbanks on a kicksled with Borealis Sparks & Kicksleds for $50. In the winter, enjoy ice fishing, snowshoeing, or visit the public ice sculptures throughout the city.
Hoi An, Vietnam: Southeast Asian Gem for Budget Travelers
In 2025, Hoi An, Vietnam, stands out as a surprisingly affordable gem for travelers looking to explore Southeast Asia without overspending. This charming town offers a unique blend of cultural experiences, delicious cuisine, and budget-friendly accommodations.
Current Pricing Trends
Hoi An has become increasingly popular among budget travelers due to its competitive pricing. You can find well-rated accommodations for less than $20 a night, making it an attractive option for those looking to save on lodging. The cost of food is also remarkably low, with delicious Vietnamese dishes available for as little as $1-2 per meal.
The town’s local markets, such as Tan An and Central Market, offer fresh ingredients and authentic street food at prices significantly lower than those in tourist areas. This makes it possible for travelers to enjoy the local cuisine without breaking the bank.
Cultural Experiences on a Budget
Hoi An is rich in cultural heritage, and experiencing it doesn’t have to be expensive. You can explore the Ancient Town, visit local museums, and participate in cultural activities at reasonable prices. The town’s historic architecture, vibrant local markets, and traditional Vietnamese cuisine all contribute to a rich cultural experience.
For a unique experience, consider visiting during the full moon when the town is lit up with lanterns, creating a magical atmosphere. This event is free to attend and offers a wonderful opportunity to soak up the local culture.
Food and Accommodation Bargains
One of the highlights of traveling to Hoi An is its food scene. You can enjoy local specialties like cao lau and banh mi at street food stalls and local restaurants for a fraction of the cost you’d pay in touristy areas. For accommodation, consider staying in the Cam Pho and Cam Thanh neighborhoods, which offer lower prices than the Ancient Town while still being within easy walking or cycling distance.
To find the best deals, use local booking sites and venture a few blocks away from the main tourist areas. This will help you discover affordable accommodations and dining options that fit your budget.
Las Vegas: Domestic Budget Travel Surprise
In 2025, Las Vegas is proving to be a hidden gem for budget-conscious travelers looking for a domestic getaway. The city’s reputation for luxury is still intact, but savvy visitors can uncover a range of affordable options that make a trip to Vegas more accessible than ever.
Beyond the Luxury: Finding Vegas Bargains
Las Vegas is home to some of the world’s most spectacular shows and attractions, but enjoying them doesn’t have to break the bank. You can catch a performance at The Sphere, an orb-shaped concert venue on the Strip, which has become famous for its retro acts and cutting-edge technology. Tickets start from $94, making it an affordable splurge for an evening.
Moreover, you can explore affordable alternatives to expensive shows, including half-price ticket booths, preview performances, and free entertainment in casino lounges. This way, you can experience the best of Vegas without overspending.
Transportation and Accommodation Hacks
Getting to and around Las Vegas can be affordable if you know the right hacks. You can save on transportation by using the Las Vegas Monorail or bus services instead of taxis or ride-sharing apps. For accommodation, consider staying at off-Strip hotels or vacation rentals, which offer significant savings compared to luxury resorts on the Strip.
Additionally, booking your trip during the off-season or using travel rewards can further reduce your costs, making your Vegas trip even more budget-friendly.
Free and Low-Cost Entertainment
One of the best things about Las Vegas is its array of free attractions and entertainment options. You can watch the iconic Bellagio Fountains, the Mirage Volcano, or the Fremont Street Experience light show without spending a dime. The Conservatory at Bellagio and the Fall of Atlantis show at Caesars Forum Shops are other free attractions that are definitely worth visiting.
For a bit of unique entertainment, head to the Neon Museum, the Pinball Hall of Fame, or the Wildlife Habitat at the Flamingo, all of which offer distinctive experiences at budget-friendly prices. You can also enjoy Las Vegas’s famous nightlife on a budget by taking advantage of free entry to many clubs before certain hours and complimentary drinks for players.
Bali, Indonesia: Island Paradise Without Breaking the Bank
As one of Indonesia’s most popular islands, Bali provides a unique blend of natural beauty and affordability for budget-conscious travelers. With its stunning beaches, lush green landscapes, and rich cultural heritage, Bali is an attractive destination for those seeking a tropical island experience without the hefty price tag.
Current Affordability Factors
Bali’s current affordability can be attributed to several factors, including favorable currency exchange rates and a wide range of accommodation options catering to different budgets. The island’s tourism infrastructure is well-developed, making it easy for travelers to find affordable accommodations, dining, and activities.
The competitive pricing in Bali is also driven by the local government’s efforts to attract more tourists, resulting in a variety of budget-friendly options for travelers.
Budget-Friendly Areas to Stay
For travelers on a budget, areas like Ubud, Canggu, and Lovina offer affordable accommodation options, ranging from guesthouses to budget hotels. Ubud, known for its artistic vibe and cultural attractions, is a great place to experience Bali’s rich heritage without overspending.
Canggu, with its surf beaches and lively atmosphere, offers a more relaxed vibe, while Lovina is ideal for those looking for a quieter retreat with dolphin watching and snorkeling opportunities.
Affordable Activities and Dining
Bali is not just about beautiful beaches; it offers a plethora of activities and experiences that won’t break the bank. From hiking through scenic rice terraces to visiting ancient temples with entrance fees as low as $3, there’s plenty to explore.
For foodies, Bali’s local food scene is a treat, with delicious meals available at budget-friendly warungs and night markets. You can enjoy traditional Indonesian cuisine for as low as $2-3 per meal.
Whether you’re looking to relax on the beaches, explore the island’s natural beauty, or immerse yourself in the local culture, Bali is an ideal travel destination that fits your budget.
Money-Saving Strategies for International Travel in 2025
Maximizing your travel budget requires some insider knowledge, and 2025 is shaping up to be a great year for savvy travelers. To make the most out of your budget, you can leverage common money-saving tactics, such as traveling during the shoulder season.
Leveraging Credit Card Points and Miles
One effective way to save on your trip is by leveraging credit card points and miles. Many credit cards offer generous sign-up bonuses and rewards programs that can be redeemed for flights, accommodations, or other travel expenses. By strategically using these cards for your daily purchases and paying off the balance in full, you can accumulate points and miles that significantly reduce your travel costs.
Key benefits include:
- Earning points or miles on everyday purchases
- Redeeming rewards for travel expenses
- Taking advantage of sign-up bonuses and promotional offers
Timing Your Trips for Maximum Savings
Timing is everything when it comes to travel. Traveling during the off-season or shoulder season can result in significant savings on flights, accommodations, and tourist attractions. Additionally, being flexible with your travel dates can help you avoid peak season prices.
Consider the following:
- Traveling during the shoulder season (the period between peak and off-peak seasons)
- Being flexible with your travel dates to avoid peak season prices
- Booking in advance to secure better rates
Digital Tools for Budget Travelers
In 2025, digital tools will continue to play a crucial role in helping budget travelers save money. From fare comparison sites to accommodation aggregators, these tools can help you find the best deals across multiple platforms.
Some essential digital tools include:
- Apps that alert you to price drops on flights and accommodations
- Platforms that compare prices across multiple travel sites
- Local apps at your destination that offer discounts and deals
Navigating Visa Requirements and Entry Fees
Before you embark on your next adventure, it’s essential to grasp the visa requirements and entry fees associated with your destination. These costs can significantly impact your travel budget and, if not properly planned for, may disrupt your travel plans.
Visa-Free Destinations for US Travelers
Some countries offer visa-free travel for US citizens, making them particularly attractive for budget travelers. For instance, certain destinations in Europe and Southeast Asia have agreements that allow US passport holders to enter without a visa. However, it’s crucial to verify the current visa policies before your trip, as these can change.
US travelers can enjoy visa-free travel to several countries, but it’s always a good idea to check the official government websites of your destinations for the most up-to-date information. This simple step can save you time and money that would be spent on visa applications.
Understanding Entry Fees and Tourism Taxes
Entry fees and tourism taxes vary widely from one country to another. For example, U.S. travelers can obtain a visa on arrival in Indonesia for approximately $31, while Azerbaijan charges $20 for an e-visa, and Vietnam charges $25. These fees can add up, especially if you’re visiting multiple countries during your trip.
- Discover the various types of entry fees and tourism taxes that can impact your travel budget.
- Learn about destination-specific entry costs to factor these expenses into your trip planning.
- Explore strategies to minimize or avoid certain entry fees, such as multi-entry visas.
Understanding these costs and planning accordingly can help you make the most of your travel budget. Whether it’s a visa-on-arrival fee or a departure tax, being aware of these expenses ensures a smoother travel experience.
Transportation Hacks for Budget Travelers
As you plan your budget travel in 2025, understanding transportation hacks can make a significant difference in your overall trip expenses. Effective transportation strategies not only save you money but also enhance your travel experience by providing more time to explore your chosen place.
Affordable Flight Options
Finding affordable flights is a crucial aspect of budget travel. To save on airfare, consider being flexible with your travel dates and booking in advance. Utilize flight comparison tools and sign up for fare alerts to snag the best deals. Additionally, flying into a nearby airport or traveling during the off-season can significantly reduce your costs, making your trip more budget-friendly.
Local Transportation on a Budget
Once you arrive at your destination, getting around without breaking the bank is essential. Cities like Taipei and Delhi offer affordable public transportation options, with bus rides and subway fares starting at less than a dollar. For instance, a bus ride in Taipei costs just under 50 cents, while subway rides begin at 60 cents. In Delhi, subway fares start at merely 11 cents per ride. When public transport isn’t convenient, ridesharing services provide an affordable alternative, making it easier to navigate your chosen hub.
Splurging Strategically
While saving money is important, there are times when spending more on transportation can be beneficial. For example, overnight trains can combine transportation and accommodation, offering a unique experience. Premium buses with amenities rivaling business class flights can also be a worthwhile splurge. It’s essential to evaluate transportation options holistically, considering not just the cost but also the time saved, comfort level, and unique experiences offered, ensuring that your travel is both efficient and enjoyable.
Accommodation Strategies for Budget Travel
Accommodation is a significant expense for travelers, but there are strategies to minimize this cost without sacrificing comfort. As you plan your trip, exploring different lodging options and booking tactics can lead to substantial savings.
Beyond Hotels: Alternative Lodging Options
Considering alternatives to traditional hotels can be a cost-effective way to travel. For instance, lodging in places like Romania offers affordable options by European standards. Similarly, Hungary, despite recent price increases, remains relatively affordable for accommodations. You can explore options like:
- Hostels and guesthouses for a more local experience
- Vacation rentals, which can be more economical for longer stays or group travel
- Budget hotels that offer basic amenities at lower prices
These alternatives not only save you money but also provide a unique experience, making your trip more memorable.
Booking Tactics for the Best Deals
To get the best deals on accommodations, it’s crucial to employ smart booking strategies. This includes:
- Booking in advance to secure lower rates, especially during peak travel seasons
- Using price comparison tools and booking platforms to find the best offers
- Leveraging loyalty programs and credit card partnerships for discounts and upgrades
By being flexible with your travel dates and considering off-season travel, you can further reduce your accommodation costs. Additionally, negotiating directly with property owners or managers, especially for longer stays, can yield better rates.
Eating Well on a Budget While Traveling
When you’re traveling, food is not just a necessity, it’s also a way to experience the culture of the place you’re visiting. Eating well on a budget while traveling requires some planning, but with the right strategies, you can enjoy delicious and authentic meals without overspending.
Street Food Safety and Recommendations
Street food is a great way to experience local cuisine, and it’s often very affordable. In countries like Vietnam, staying outside of touristy areas can help you find the best food prices. When trying street food, make sure to follow local recommendations and choose vendors that are popular with locals. In Japan, for example, convenience stores and shokudos (local family-owned restaurants) offer a range of tasty and inexpensive options.
Balancing Dining Out and Self-Catering
To maximize your culinary experiences and stay within your budget, consider balancing dining out with self-catering. Choose accommodations that allow you to prepare some of your meals, such as hostels with communal kitchens or apartment rentals with full cooking facilities. You can also explore local markets to shop for ingredients, which is both a cultural experience and a money-saving strategy. Additionally, consider hybrid approaches like buying prepared foods from supermarkets or food halls that offer local specialties at lower prices than restaurants. By planning your dining splurges strategically, you can enjoy fine dining at lunch when prices are lower or take advantage of restaurant specials and prix fixe menus during your trip back home.
Conclusion: Making the Most of Budget Travel in 2025
With economic conditions and tourism trends aligning in their favor, budget travelers can look forward to an incredible year in 2025. This year offers unique opportunities to explore the world without breaking the bank, thanks to various factors making unexpected destinations surprisingly affordable.
The seven destinations highlighted in this article – Algarve, Portugal; Cape Town, South Africa; Tokyo, Japan; Fairbanks, Alaska; Hoi An, Vietnam; Las Vegas, USA; and Bali, Indonesia – are benefiting from a combination of currency advantages, infrastructure developments, and competitive tourism markets. These factors have come together to create exceptional value for travelers, allowing you to experience rich cultural heritage, breathtaking natural beauty, and unforgettable adventures without the hefty price tag.
Budget travel doesn’t mean compromising on quality experiences. Each of these destinations offers a wealth of activities, attractions, and local experiences that cater to all interests and budgets. By choosing the right destinations and applying the money-saving strategies discussed throughout this article, you can enjoy a fulfilling trip without overspending.
To make the most of budget travel in 2025, remember to combine smart destination choices with savvy booking tactics and on-the-ground savings. Leverage credit card points, time your trips strategically, and use digital tools to find the best deals. With the right planning, affordable international travel is more accessible than ever.
In 2025, the world is full of possibilities for budget-conscious travelers. So why wait? Start planning your next adventure today and discover the incredible value that awaits you in these budget-friendly destinations around the world.
